The term 'grey literature' (GL) is used to describe materials not published commercially or indexed by major databases.
Sometimes, GL is the only source of information for specific research questions.
GL may not go through a peer-review process, and its authority must be scrutinized
Between black and white...
'White' literature |
'Grey' literature |
'Black' literature | |
---|---|---|---|
Books | Preprints | Ideas | |
Published journals | e-Prints | Concepts | |
Conference Proceedings | Technical Reports | Thoughts | |
Lectures | |||
Data sets | |||
AV media | |||
Blogs | |||
Fora |
Giustini, D. Finding the Hard to Finds: Searching for Grey Literature (2012 Update)
Most databases include various types of grey literature along with publisher-controlled literature. If you are interested in searching only for grey literature, consider restricting the "publication type" in your search. These types can include: technical report, dissertation, patent, meeting paper, annual report or government publication, among others.
Conferences papers are a source of current research, best practices and innovations in a research area. If you are unable to get access via the methods below, try contacting the paper's author for a copy.
Multidisciplinary science citation database: specify 'conference' as a search field, or refine your results by 'proceedings paper'
A multidisciplinary abstract and citation database of research literature and web sources. Over 16,500 peer-reviewed titles from more than 4,000 publishers. Includes some full text links. Access Scopus Tutorials online.
Try using Advanced Search to combine your search terms with conference or proceedings etc.
If you have a citation for a conference paper, but cannot find the fulltext, you can submit an interloan request for the paper and we will try to get you a copy.
See our Patents Guide for information about finding patents
To locate and access theses and dissertations produce at Otago, in Aotearoa, or worldwide
Using the Advanced Search combine your search terms with words like 'Thesis' or 'Dissertation'.
The 'Finding' tab of the 'Thesis Information' guide includes links to databases containing theses.
Respository for research, including theses, produced at the University
Research repositories are online spaces to store and access research outputs, such as research journal articles and theses. Try searching these sites to find more research:
Research documents produced at universities, polytechnics, and other research institutions throughout New Zealand; formerly KRIS (Kiwi Research Information Service)
Repository for selected research produced at the University of Otago. Includes Book, Book chapters, Journal Articles, Theses, Working Papers and more.
A consolidated searching platform for digital theses and dissertations around the world.
From the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
Open access repository for research output from three organisations based in Plymouth: The Marine Biological Association (MBA), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) and the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS).
AquaDocs is the joint open access repository of the UNESCO/IOC InternationaI Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) and the International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centers (IAMSLIC) with support from the FAO Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. It is a thematic repository covering the natural marine, coastal, estuarine /brackish and fresh water environments and includes all aspects of the science, technology, management and conservation of these environments, their organisms and resources, and the economic, sociological and legal aspects.
The SIO's research covers physical, chemical, geological, and geophysical studies of the oceans, earth and atmosphere as well as biological research.
SSRN's objective is to provide worldwide distribution of research to authors and their readers. Any paper an author uploads to SSRN is downloadable for free, worldwide.
A digital repository for marine geoscience research data acquired throughout the global oceans and adjoining continental margins. Sponsored by IEDA, the Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance.
Datasets produced by publicly-funded U.S. science programmes From the Biological & Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NFA).
Here are listed some general sources of grey literature. Some focus on the sciences and health sciences, while others are more general in scope.
Links to a directory of Open Access Repositories across Australasia with various types of Grey Literature, including data, preprints and thesis
“System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, is your open access to 700.000 bibliographical references of grey literature (paper) produced in Europe and allows you to export records and locate the documents.
“Examples of grey (gray) literature include technical or research reports, doctoral dissertations, some conference papers, some official publications, and other types of grey literature.
“OpenGrey covers Science, Technology, Biomedical Science, Economics, Social Science and Humanities.”
Science.gov searches over 60 databases and over 2,200 scientific websites to provide users with access to more than 200 million pages of authoritative federal science information from the USA including research and development results.
In-depth guide to U.S. Government document resources at the University of Pennsylvania
Access to data sets from New Zealand government agencies and government-funded projects. (including Local Govt and CRI’s, and Universities)
An initiative that aims to make New Zealand digital content easy to find, share and use. This includes content from government departments, publicly funded organisations, the private sector, and community groups.
New Zealand Information Sources Guide (From University of Otago Library)
This site includes peer-reviewed and other research from universities, polytechnics, and research organisations throughout New Zealand.
are the memory-bank of New Zealand's flora, fauna, and geological and climatic history.( from Crown Research Institutes
An index of New Zealand science papers and reports, provided by Crown Research Institutes and the Royal Society of New Zealand. There are some gaps in content (especially for recent dates), it's best to also search CRI and the Royal Society websites as well)
Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research publications
Plant & Food Research publications
An international project to compile and increase access to knowledge of the diversity, geographic distribution, and abundance of marine life. Scientists from 80+ nations produced 2,600 publications and described 1,200 new species.
Catalogue of data for thousands of fish species. Information includes classification, identification and description, environment, climate and range, distribution, and biology.
The aim of a World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms, including information on synonymy. While highest priority goes to valid names, other names in use are included so that this register can serve as a guide to interpret taxonomic literature.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is widely recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. This site provides news, species fact sheets, GIS range data, and research reports on efforts to conserve species.
OBIS strives to document the ocean's diversity, distribution and abundance of life. Created by the Census of Marine Life, OBIS is now part of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, under its International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) programme.
From the Ocean Climate Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA).
News and publications from research institutes and universities. From the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences.
Uses maps to summarise results from global scientific studies on marine litter, aimed at increasing public knowledge of its impact. From the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.
From the UK's Digital Curation Centre. Find metadata specifications for use by marine scientists and links to information about metadata standards, including profiles, implementation tools, and use cases of data repositories currently implementing them.
The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is the world’s largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. BHL is revolutionizing global research by providing free, worldwide access to knowledge about life on Earth.
Research on oceans and coasts from Australia's national science agency. Search the Publications section to find research reports.
AIMS research programs support the management of tropical marine environments around the world, with a primary focus on the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, the pristine Ningaloo Marine Park in Western Australia and northwest Australia.
Canadian publications and statistics on aquaculture, aquatic species, fisheries, marine areas, and ocean industries.
Several digital libraries on coastal and marine issues. From the U.S. National Sea Grant Office.
WHOI is the world's largest private, nonprofit ocean research organization. Located in Massachusetts, USA.
U.S. government agency that monitors, educates, and conducts research into oceans, fisheries, climate, and coasts.
A United Nations organisation for the promotion of responsible and sustainable fisheries, particularly in developing countries.
The UK scholarly society for marine scientists.
Sustainable Seas National Science Challenge
The Sustainable Seas National Science Challenge work is focused on enhancing the use of New Zealand marine resources within environmental and biological constraints incorporating a Mātauranga Māori perspective.
The Portobello Marine Laboratory is the primary research facility for Marine Science at the University of Otago.