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Pacific Research Models
Tala (to tell, relate or ask) Noa (ordinary, non-sacred, without exertion) in Tongan, Samoan, and Fijian languages. This method involves narrative, dialogue, and storytelling. It encourages interaction or knowledge exchange without following an established theoretical frame or scripted agenda such as a focus group, interview, formal environment with microphones and recording, etc. Talanoa enables authentic and trustworthy collaborative knowledge-making processes to occur. It's an ongoing relationship between the person doing the research and the people that are participating in the research.
Tok stori is a Melanesian term for what Solomon Islanders do every day – telling stories, creating a joint narrative, and making sense of life. These range from the storied revelation of secret knowledge to retellings of day-to-day activities. Beyond the village, and in addition to groups of friends' trading experiences, the potential of tok stori as a form of engagement is being recognized in fields such as informing policy and implementing pedagogy.
Tivaevae is a research framework based on the traditions of creating a tivaevae (handmade quilt). The tivaevae represents knowledge and the classification and explanation of objects in the Cook Island worldview.
Kakala is a Tongan research framework model that represents a garland made of flowers and leaves worn on special occasions. The flower garlands are made by groups of women who work on the garlands individually but in a group setting which demonstrates collaboration, sharing of resources, and passing of skills to the next generation.
The Fijian Vanua Framework for Research (FVRF) is advised to be used when researching Fijian histories, knowledge, skills, art, values, etc., and refers to the universal whole which includes Fijian culture, chiefs, and their people, knowledge systems, relationships, values, their land, and spiritualities.
The Ula model is informed by the underpinning theoretical frameworks which are founded on the principles and values of Samoan culture (fa’asamoa). Fa’asamoa can be described as the Samoan way of doing things. Fa’asamoa is dominated by the concepts of the extended family (aiga potopoto), chiefly structure (fa’amatai), and ceremonial gift-giving and exchanging (fefa’asoaiga/fesuiaiga).
Fa’afaletui is a Samoan concept that focuses on connectedness, collectivity, and working together. It is a culturally sensitive model that requires the input of different social groups to reach a consensus for decision-making. It involves ‘‘the ways of’’ (fa’a) gathering, sharing and validating knowledge from deliberations of different groups or ‘‘houses’’ (fale) and ‘‘weaving these together’’ (tui) for knowledge-sharing and consensus-building (Tamasese et al., 2005).
